Parallel and Cooperative Particle Swarm Optimizer for Multimodal Problems

Algorithm 1

Pseudocode for the generic CPSO algorithm.

) Define  ,  )

() Create and initialize one-dimensional PSOs: ,

() Repeat:

() for each swarm :

() for each particle :

()  if   <

()    =

()  if   <

()    =

()  end for

() Perform velocity and position updates using (2) for each particle in .

() end for

() Until: stopping condition is met

The dth swarm is denoted as , denotes the current position of the ith particle in

the dth swarm, represents the best position in dth swarm. Similarly,

represents the best previous position of particle i in dth swarm. The context vector is the

concatenation of , .