Reliability-Based Design Optimization for Crane Metallic Structure Using ACO and AFOSM Based on China Standards

Table 6

The performance and reliability with respect to optimum designs.

Performance	Constraints requirement		Practical design		The DDO		The RBDO
	Performance		Per.		Per.		Per.
(MPa)	≤176		93.6	0.999	122.786	0.996	98.9442	1.0
(MPa)			117.3	0.999	148.342	0.888	119.36	0.997
(MPa)			134.5	0.979	169.924	0.604	136.865	0.996
(MPa)	≤101		51.15	0.999	61.5463	0.999	58.6088	0.999
(MPa)		≥0.979	9.12	0.999	18.5513	0.999	15.4756	0.998
(MPa)	≤[		108.1	0.999	137.608	0.999	110.975	0.999
(MPa)	—		216.3	—	214.401	—	215.45	—
(MPa)	≤		101.6	0.998	129.959	0.775	104.977	0.998
(MPa)	—		141.7	—	138.996	—	140.49	—
(mm)	≤	≥0.968	23.68	0.968	28.8096	0.728	22.1105	0.989
(mm)	≤		2.86	0.999	4.42906	0.999	2.78834	0.9999
(Hz)	≥	≥0.759	2.08	0.759	2.00067	0.494	2.11043	0.851
(Hz)	≥		2.757	1.0	2.0638	1.0	2.6094	1.0
			Feasible		Infeasible		Feasible
Active constraint

Per. stands for performance.