A Chaos Robustness Criterion for 2D Piecewise Smooth Map with Applications in Pseudorandom Number Generator and Image Encryption with Avalanche Effect

Table 2

The tested Mean ± SD of the FIPS 140-2 tested values of 1,000 key streams generated by the new CPRNG, CPRNG1 [27], the RC4, and ZUC CPRNG. Here, MT, PT, and LT represent Monobit Test, Poker Test, and Long Runs Test. SD represents the standard diviation.

Test item	Bits	CPRNG	CPRNG1	RC4	ZUC
		Mean ± SD	Mean ± SD	Mean ± SD	Mean ± SD
MT	0	10000 71.328			9998.4 71.843
	1	9999.4 71.328	9991.2 73.280		10002 71.843
PT	—	15.040 5.6514	15.208 5.5133	15.022 5.4730	15.043 5.5491
LT	0	13.587 1.8830	13.874 1.8710	14.004 2.0635	13.488 1.829
	1	13.558 1.7747	13.699 2.0661	13.596 1.8759	13.595 1.9305
	Bits	Run Test	Run Test	Run Test	Run Test
1	0	2499.6 46.302		2501.1 49.008	2501.9 45.735
	1	2498.8 45.166		2500.9 46.437	2502.7 46.121
2	0	1249.9 31.556		1251.2 31.473	1252.1 32.606
	1	1250.5 32.686		1249.8 32.095	1249.5 32.221
3	0	624.36 22.817		624.67 22.545	624.09 22.648
	1	625.75 23.483	624.86 23.33	625.35 23.071	624.64 23.455
4	0	312.86 16.369		312.50 16.961	312.56 16.748
	1	312.49 16.970		312.04 16.874	312.72 16.506
5	0	156.70 12.068		156.00 12.713	155.65 12.097
	1	155.74 12.134		155.94 12.245	156.66 12.369
6+	0	156.03 12.079		156.21 12.331	155.75 11.719
	1	156.10 11.785		156.29 12.372	155.82 11.497