Multistep Wind Speed Forecasting Using a Novel Model Hybridizing Singular Spectrum Analysis, Modified Intelligent Optimization, and Rolling Elman Neural Network

Table 3

Test results of PSO and FAPSO.

Test function	Algorithm	Min value	Max value	Average value	Standard deviation
Sphere	PSO	0.4276	1.198	0.7030	0.1740
	FAPSO	0.0481	0.1158	0.0837	0.0156
Rosenbrock	PSO	56.2745	131.5162	90.7276	18.7055
	FAPSO	35.1140	43.7005	38.3808	1.8540
Rastrigin	PSO	169.0	252.1567	201.6199	21.5151
	FAPSO	40.8482	71.1049	59.012	6.5202
Griewank	PSO	0.0478	0.3839	0.0884	0.0607
	FAPSO	0.0090	0.0200	0.0145	0.0026