Multistep Wind Speed Forecasting Using a Novel Model Hybridizing Singular Spectrum Analysis, Modified Intelligent Optimization, and Rolling Elman Neural Network

Table 8

Average results of the 10 min wind speed.

	1-step	2-step	3-step	5-step
	ARIMA
MSE (m/s)	0.6668	0.9287	1.164	1.4469
MAE (m/s)	0.5916	0.6914	0.7619	0.8602
MAPE (%)	8.33	9.64	10.61	11.92
	RENN
MSE (m/s)	0.6191	0.8198	0.9958	1.2446
MAE (m/s)	0.5865	0.6666	0.7291	0.8116
MAPE (%)	8.12	9.14	9.97	10.25
	SSA-PSO-RENN
MSE (m/s)	0.2614	0.4663	0.6989	1.0604
MAE (m/s)	0.388	0.5017	0.6021	0.7397
MAPE (%)	5.1436	6.5611	7.8166	9.5465
	BPNN
MSE (m/s)	0.6854	0.955	1.2046	1.5546
MAE (m/s)	0.6149	0.7192	0.8004	0.9125
MAPE (%)	7.94	9.22	10.23	11.58
	SSA-RENN
MSE (m/s)	0.2664	0.4687	0.6975	1.0421
MAE (m/s)	0.3929	0.5027	0.6006	0.735
MAPE (%)	5.21	6.57	7.8	9.52
	SSA-FAPSO-RENN
MSE (m/s)	0.253	0.4479	0.6743	1.0256
MAE (m/s)	0.3819	0.4918	0.592	0.7306
MAPE (%)	5.0657	6.4264	7.6869	9.4487