Empty Container Management at Ports Considering Pollution, Repair Options, and Street-Turns

Table 1

Overview on empirical data that was used for the numerical experiments.

Data type	Empirical source	Modeling approach
Demand/supply	30.000 container movements in 2012	Exponential and Poisson distribution
Leasing costs	Market analysis	Range $5–20 daily
Ordering costs	Industry interviews	Range $1–10 per TEU
Holding costs	Industry interviews	Range $1–5 per TEU/day
Emissions	Ecotransit.org/EN 16258	Weighted average of ordering options
Emission price	Market analysis	Range $0–20 per ton
Repair distribution	Industry interviews	Poisson distribution
Repair price	Market analysis	Range $50–300 per TEU
Street-turns	Industry interviews	Range 0–20% of import TEU