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Mathematical Problems in Engineering
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2016
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Article
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Tab 1
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Research Article
Functional Catastrophe Analysis of Collapse Mechanism for Shallow Tunnels with Considering Settlement
Table 1
Potential functions used in elementary catastrophe theory.
Name
Potential function
State variable
Fold
Cusp
Swallowtail
Butterfly
Elliptic umbilic
,
Hyperbolic umbilic
,
Parabolic umbilic
,