A Predictive Neural Network-Based Cascade Control for pH Reactors

Table 3

The integral of the absolute error (IAE) for the control methods.

IAE
Process	Disturbance	MPNN controller; (cascade structured)	Fuzzy PI; (single feedback)
pH reactor	Acid stream flow rate	3.333	17.650
	Acid stream flow rate	5.077	20.656
	Setpoint	8.598	14.190
	Setpoint	9.022	15.169