Research Article

A Decomposition-Based Unified Evolutionary Algorithm for Many-Objective Problems Using Particle Swarm Optimization

Table 3

Comparisons of GD between proposed algorithm and other MOEAs.

FunctionsMOPSOMOPSO/DNSGA-IIMOEA/DGongDEMO

Mean
Std.
Mean
Std.
Mean
Std.
Mean
Std.

Mean
Std.
Mean
Std.
Mean
Std.
Mean
Std.

Mean
Std.
Mean
Std.
DTLZ3Mean
Std.
Mean
Std.

Mean
Std.
Mean
Std.
Mean
Std.
Mean
Std.