A Fuzzy MCDM Approach for Green Supplier Selection from the Economic and Environmental Aspects

Table 1

Green supplier selection and evaluation criteria.

Criteria	Subcriteria	Sub-subcriteria/definition	References
Economic criteria	Cost	Product price, logistics cost, and payment terms	[20–24]
	Quality	ISO quality system installed, quality award, product performance, warranties and claim policies, and repair and return rate	[4, 12, 22, 23, 25]
	Delivery	Lead time, on-time delivery, safety and security of components, and appropriateness of the packaging	[21, 23, 26, 27]
	Technology	Communication and e-commerce systems, capability of research development and innovation, and production facilities and capacity	[22, 23, 26]
	Flexibility	Product volume changes, short setup time, conflict resolution, using flexible machines, the demand that can be profitably sustained, and time or cost required to add new products to the existing production operation	[22, 28, 29]
	Financial capability	Financial position, economical stability, and price strategy	[12, 23, 30]
	Culture	Communication openness, vendor’s image, and mutual trust	[20, 23, 27]
	Innovativeness	New launch of products and new launch of technologies	[31]
	Relationship	Long term relationship, relationship closeness, communication openness, and reputation for integrity	[23, 28, 29]
Environmental criteria	Pollution production	Average volume of air pollutants, waste water, solid waste, and harmful materials released	[19, 22, 32]
	Pollution control	Remediation and end-of-pipe controls	[2, 19, 33]
	Resource consumption	Consumption of resources in terms of raw material, energy, and water	[19, 32]
	Ecodesign	Design for resource efficiency, design of products for reuse, recycle, and recovery of material, design for reduction, or elimination of hazardous materials	[28, 32, 34, 35]
	Environmental management system	Environmental certificates such as ISO 14000, continuous monitoring and regulatory compliance, environmental policies, green process planning, and internal control process	[2, 19, 28, 32–34, 36, 37]
	Green image	Ratio of green customers to total customers and social responsibility	[2, 33, 35]
	Green competencies	Materials used in the supplied components that reduce the impact on natural resources and ability to alter process and product for reducing the impact on natural resources	[2, 33, 34, 36, 37],
	Green product	Use of recycled and nontoxic materials, green packaging, and excess packaging reduction	[6, 34, 36]
	Staff environmental training	Staff training on environmental issues	[36]
	Management commitment	Commitment of senior managers to support and improve green supply chain management initiatives	[34, 36]
	Green Technology	The application of the environmental science to conserve the natural environment and resources and to curb the negative impact of human involvement	[6, 34]