A Framework for Constrained Optimization Problems Based on a Modified Particle Swarm Optimization

<table class="figure-group"><tr class="fig-image" id="a"><td><object data="https://static.hindawi.com/articles/mpe/volume-2016/8627083/figures/8627083.fig.005a.svgz" name="8627083.fig.005a" type="image/svg+xml"></object></td></tr><tr class="fig-caption"><td><b>(a) </b>Nonoscillatory convergence</td></tr><tr class="fig-image" id="b"><td><object data="https://static.hindawi.com/articles/mpe/volume-2016/8627083/figures/8627083.fig.005b.svgz" name="8627083.fig.005b" type="image/svg+xml"></object></td></tr><tr class="fig-caption"><td><b>(b) </b>Harmonic convergence</td></tr><tr class="fig-image" id="c"><td><object data="https://static.hindawi.com/articles/mpe/volume-2016/8627083/figures/8627083.fig.005c.svgz" name="8627083.fig.005c" type="image/svg+xml"></object></td></tr><tr class="fig-caption"><td><b>(c) </b>Zigzagging convergence</td></tr><tr class="fig-image" id="d"><td><object data="https://static.hindawi.com/articles/mpe/volume-2016/8627083/figures/8627083.fig.005d.svgz" name="8627083.fig.005d" type="image/svg+xml"></object></td></tr><tr class="fig-caption"><td><b>(d) </b>Harmonic convergence combined with zigzagging convergence</td></tr></table>

<div>Convergence behavior of particles in SASPSO 2011.</div>

Mathematical Problems in Engineering

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Figure 5

Figure 5: A Framework for Constrained Optimization Problems Based on a Modified Particle Swarm Optimization 