A Framework for Constrained Optimization Problems Based on a Modified Particle Swarm Optimization

Table 10

The best results of different methods for the three-bar truss design problem.

Methods	Variables and constraints					Cost function
	SASPSO 2011	0.78860050	0.40845943					263.89584
SAIWPSO	0.78815418	0.40972433				263.89610
FGIWPSO	0.78835591	0.40915400				263.89612
TVPSO	0.78772057	0.41095691				263.89671
SPSO 2011	0.78911058	0.40702683				263.89686
CPSO	0.79005265	0.40436606				263.89724
RPSO	0.78656794	0.41424254				263.89926
Ray and Liew [36]	0.78862103	0.40840133				263.89584
CSA [37]	0.78867000	0.40902000				263.97156