A Hybrid Interpolation Method for Geometric Nonlinear Spatial Beam Elements with Explicit Nodal Force

Table 2

Initial curved cantilever. Position components of the tip for end force of 600 N with 8 elements. The initial position was (70.71, 29.29, 0) (m).

Formulation		(m)	(m)	(m)
Bathe and Bolourchi [23]		47.2	−15.9	53.4
Simo and Vu-Quoc [5]	Geometrically exact beam	47.23	−15.79	53.37
Cardona and Geradin [28]	Geometrically exact beam	47.04	−15.56	53.50
Romero [25]	Geometrically exact beam	46.98	−15.69	53.50
Romero [25]	Absolute nodal method	50.16	−17.16	50.26
Present		47.87	−14.07	54.01