Enhancing the Performance of Biogeography-Based Optimization Using Multitopology and Quantitative Orthogonal Learning

Table 1

Benchmark functions in experimental tests.

	Function name	Formula	Dimension	Search domain
	Elliptic		D
	Exponential		D
	Quartic		D
	Rosenbrock		D
	Schwefel 2		D
	Schwefel 3		D
	Schwefel 4		D
	Sphere		D
	Step		D
	SumPower		D
	SumSquare		D
	Zakharov		D
	Ackley		D
	Alpine		D
	Griewank		D
	Levy		D
	Penalty 1		D
	Penalty 2		D
	Rastrigin		D
	Schwefel		D
	Weierstrass		D
	Bohachevsky_2		D
	Expansion of		D
					NCRRastrigin		D