A Hybrid Method for Truss Mass Minimization considering Uncertainties

Table 5

Design variables for each optimization method.

Variable	GA	FMA	DE	PSO	HGPS
, (m)	2.16	0.75	1.08	2.10	0.91
, (m)	2.25	1.48	1.26	2.69	1.18
, (m)	2.37	1.70	1.60	2.64	1.48
, (m)	2.11	2.33	1.80	2.75	1.60
(m)	2.24	2.29	1.85	2.75	1.73
, (m^2)
, (m^2)
, (m^2)
, (m^2)
, (m^2)
, (m^2)
, (m^2)
, (m^2)
, (m^2)
, (m^2)
, (m^2)
, (m^2)
, (m^2)
(m^2)