An Improved Hybrid Algorithm Based on Biogeography/Complex and Metropolis for Many-Objective Optimization

Table 1

Test functions utilized in this experiment.

Name of function	Characteristics
DTLZ1	Liner, multimodal
DTLZ2	Concave
DTLZ3	Concave, multimodal
DTLZ4	Concave, biased
WFG1	Mixed, Biased, scaled
WFG2	Convex, disconnected
WFG3	Linear, degenerate
WFG4	Concave, multimodal
WFG5	Concave, deceptive
WFG6	Concave, scaled
WFG7	Biased, scaled
WFG8	Biased, nonseparable
WFG9	Concave, scaled