An Efficient Approach Based on the Gradient Definition for Solving Conditional Nonlinear Optimal Perturbation

Figure 5

Patterns of SSTA-CNOP (a, b), THA-CNOP (c, d), and corresponding SSTA evolutions (e, f) obtained from our approach (a, c, e) and adjoint method (b, d, f) while the initial month is March.

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