Research Article
Vehicle Routing Problems with Fuel Consumption and Stochastic Travel Speeds
Table 2
Values and notations of parameters.
| | Notation | Description | Typical values |
| | Curb-weight (kilogram) | 6350 | | Fuel-to-air mass ratio | 1 | | Engineer friction factor (kilojoule/rev/liter) | 0.2 | | Engineer speed (meter/second2) | 33 | | Engineer displacement (liters) | 5 | | Gravitational constant (meter/second2) | 9.81 | | Coefficient of aerodynamic drag | 0.7 | | Air density (kilogram/meter3) | 1.204 | | Frontal surface area (meter2) | 3.912 | | Coefficient of rolling resistance | 0.01 | | Vehicle drive train efficiency | 0.4 | | Efficiency parameter for diesel engines | 0.9 | | Fuel and CO2 emissions cost per liter () | 1.4 | | Heating value of a typical diesel fuel (kilojoule/gram) | 44 | | Conversion factor (gram/second to liter/second) | 737 | | Lower speed limit (meter/second) | 5 | | Upper speed limit (meter/second) | 25 |
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Source: Demir et al., 2012 [24].
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