Numerical Study on Flow around Four Square-Arranged Cylinders at Low Reynolds Numbers

Table 1

The experimental results and calculated results for the flow around four cylinders.

	Investigators	Re			Technique
Experiments	Sayers [4, 5]	3.0 × 10^4	1.1–5.0	0°–180°	Pressure method
	Lam and Lo [6]	2.1 × 10^3	1.28–5.96	0°–45°	LIF, PIV
	Lam and Fang [7]	1.28 × 10^4	1.26–5.80	0°–45°	Pressure method
	Lam et al. [11]	200	4.0	0°–45°	LIF, PIV
	Lam et al. [8]	4.1 × 10^4	1.69–3.83	0°–180°	PELC
	Lam and Zou [9]	(1.128–1.982) × 10^4	1.5–5.0		LDA, PIV
	Lam and Zou [10]	(1.1 –2.0) × 10^4	1.5–5.0		LDA, PIV
	Zou and Lin [13]	200	1.6	0°	LIF, PIV
	Wang et al. [12]	8000	2.0–5.0	0°–45°	PIV, PELC
2D simulations	Zhao and Cheng [15]	1.0 × 10^3–2.0 × 10^4	3.0	0°–45°	FEM
	Farrant et al. [16]	200	3.0, 5.0	0°, 45°	CBEM
	Lam et al. [17]	100, 200	1.6–5.0		FVM
	Han et al. [18]	200	1.5–4.0	0°, 45°	SEM
	Abbasi et al. [19]	60–175	2.0, 4.0, 70		LBM
3D simulations	Lam and Zou [9]	1.5 × 10^4	1.5, 3.5		LES
	Lam et al. [17]	200	4.0		FVM
	Zou et al. [14]	1.5 × 10^4	1.5, 3.5		LES
	Lam and Zou [10]	1.5 × 10^4	1.5, 3.5		LES
	Tong et al. [20]	100–500	2.0		FVM

LIF: laser induced fluorescence; PIV: particle image velocimetry; LDA: laser Doppler anemometry; PELC: piezoelectric load cell; FEM: finite element method; CBEM: cell boundary element method; FVM: finite volume method; SEM: spectral element method; LBM: lattice Boltzmann method; LES: large eddy simulation.