A Comparative Study on Evaluation Methods of Fluid Forces on Cartesian Grids

<table class="figure-group"><tr class="fig-image" id="a"><td><object data="https://static.hindawi.com/articles/mpe/volume-2017/8314615/figures/8314615.fig.008a.svgz" name="8314615.fig.008a" type="image/svg+xml"></object></td></tr><tr class="fig-caption"><td><b>(a) </b>Reference</td></tr><tr class="fig-image" id="b"><td><object data="https://static.hindawi.com/articles/mpe/volume-2017/8314615/figures/8314615.fig.008b.svgz" name="8314615.fig.008b" type="image/svg+xml"></object></td></tr><tr class="fig-caption"><td><b>(b) </b>MS1</td></tr><tr class="fig-image" id="c"><td><object data="https://static.hindawi.com/articles/mpe/volume-2017/8314615/figures/8314615.fig.008c.svgz" name="8314615.fig.008c" type="image/svg+xml"></object></td></tr><tr class="fig-caption"><td><b>(c) </b>MS2</td></tr><tr class="fig-image" id="d"><td><object data="https://static.hindawi.com/articles/mpe/volume-2017/8314615/figures/8314615.fig.008d.svgz" name="8314615.fig.008d" type="image/svg+xml"></object></td></tr><tr class="fig-caption"><td><b>(d) </b>MS3</td></tr></table>

<div>Distribution of partial friction drag for each cell front-projected on <svg height="9.39034pt" id="M153" style="vertical-align:-3.42943pt" version="1.1" viewbox="-0.0498162 -5.96091 7.65486 9.39034" width="7.65486pt" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"><g transform="matrix(.013,0,0,-0.013,0,0)"><path d="M556 393C556 426 537 448 514 448C496 448 478 435 471 420C468 414 462 401 466 394C473 382 480 368 480 346C480 268 392 143 338 67H336C329 163 319 253 309 330S286 448 254 448C215 448 160 383 127 337L143 311C167 344 200 373 208 373S222 365 229 320C246 214 264 66 268 -20C219 -83 131 -171 17 -239L25 -261L137 -235C248 -110 273 -79 335 8C384 77 481 215 520 287C544 332 556 363 556 393Z" id="g113-122"></path><glyph.data ascent="3473" descent="-2876" horiz-adv-x="579" vert-adv-y="579" xpluscharwidth="7.527"></glyph.data></g></svg> plane. 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Analytical pressure drag is <svg height="12.9866pt" id="M155" style="vertical-align:-4.3507pt" version="1.1" viewbox="-0.0498162 -8.6359 81.0765 12.9866" width="81.0765pt" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"><g transform="matrix(.013,0,0,-0.013,0,0)"><path d="M645 631C614 643 545 666 457 666C215 666 23 519 23 283C23 90 158 -16 337 -16C412 -16 489 2 522 10C543 39 590 127 606 167L580 181C519 89 459 18 348 18C201 18 122 136 122 287C122 464 244 632 435 632C544 632 602 595 608 472L639 475C643 526 645 581 645 631Z" id="g113-68"></path><glyph.data ascent="3473" descent="-2876" horiz-adv-x="668" vert-adv-y="668" xpluscharwidth="8.684"></glyph.data></g><g transform="matrix(.0091,0,0,-0.0091,8.619,3.132)"><path d="M43 650V617C122 612 130 606 130 522V128C130 44 122 37 34 32V0H275C400 0 497 25 573 82C652 142 698 229 698 350C698 445 662 518 613 565C549 625 456 650 327 650H43ZM217 544C217 580 220 591 229 599C240 607 264 613 311 613C380 613 437 599 482 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Mathematical Problems in Engineering

fig8

Figure 8

Figure 8: A Comparative Study on Evaluation Methods of Fluid Forces on Cartesian Grids 