Design Analysis and Observed Performance of a Tieback Anchored Pile Wall in Sand

Table 3

Primary characteristics of classical method and elastic method.

Calculation method	Assumption of strut/anchor	Passive earth pressure	Pile stiffness	Calculation theory
Classical method	Hinged support	—	Ignored	Static equilibrium method, equivalent beam method, etc.
Elasticity method	Spring	Winkler elastic foundation	Considered	Beam on Winkler elastic foundation