An Indicator and Decomposition Based Steady-State Evolutionary Algorithm for Many-Objective Optimization

Figure 1

Illustrative examples of our motivation. If we only use the indicator to delete an individual, two situations should be taken into consideration. (a) have the better contribution than . It is reasonable that we eliminate the worst solution associated with the most crowded subspace in . (b) belongs to the lowest contribution level while it is associated with an isolated subspace . We eliminate the solution associated with the most crowded subspace in . We preserve in to enhance the diversity at the expense of the convergence.

(a) Proper situation

(b) Improper situation