An Indicator and Decomposition Based Steady-State Evolutionary Algorithm for Many-Objective Optimization

Figure 3

The lowest contribution only contains an individual. The number on the top of each individual represents its contribution. There are two situations. (a) will be eliminated as it belongs to the last contribution level and there is another better solution associated with the region. The indicator is proper for this situation. (b) Although belongs to the worst contribution level, it is associated with an isolated subspace . This indicates that is important for population diversity and it should be preserved without reservation. Only adopting the indicator is improper. Instead, we eliminate associated with the most crowded subspace in via adopting the PBI decomposition method. Combining the indicator and decomposition method has potential to enhance the performance.

(a) Proper situation

(b) Improper situation