Study on the Rectification of Forebay in Pumping Station

<table class="fixed-width table-group" id="tab1"><tr><td><table class="table"><colgroup><col style="width:10.19em"/><col style="width:9.35em"/><col style="width:6.03em"/></colgroup><tr><td class="thead-hr" colspan="3"><hr/></td></tr><tr class="thead"><td class="align_left">Hydraulic conversion ratio</td><td class="align_center">Conversion formula</td><td class="align_center">Model scale</td></tr><tr><td class="thead-hr" colspan="3"><hr/></td></tr><tr><td class="align_left">Horizontal length scale</td><td class="align_center"><span style="width: 15.2371ptpx;"><svg height="14.1649pt" id="M3" style="vertical-align:-5.529pt" version="1.1" viewbox="-0.0498162 -8.6359 15.2371 14.1649" width="15.2371pt" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"><g transform="matrix(.013,0,0,-0.013,0,0)"><path d="M748 650H522L515 622L546 617C580 611 587 604 565 575C518 513 469 451 419 393C376 474 349 534 330 580C318 609 325 612 361 618L383 622L392 650H151L144 622C214 616 224 612 257 543L360 327C270 218 187 124 159 95C106 40 92 34 26 28L17 0H252L259 28L236 31C189 37 188 47 209 78C249 136 308 210 377 294L478 79C494 44 487 37 449 32L418 28L409 0H673L680 28C596 34 591 39 554 116L436 361C526 469 574 521 604 553C659 612 669 614 739 622L748 650Z" id="g113-89"></path></g><g transform="matrix(.0091,0,0,-0.0091,9.88,3.132)"><path d="M493 373C493 420 472 451 445 451C421 451 400 435 400 410C400 404 402 400 406 394S417 371 417 350C417 259 317 128 256 55H254C260 126 256 262 238 340C219 424 194 451 163 451C128 451 78 413 24 329L52 302C89 353 106 370 121 370C129 370 137 363 147 336C186 231 196 73 184 -16C152 -88 120 -192 112 -238L130 -257C157 -253 213 -227 231 -213C231 -187 234 -77 240 -23C251 -6 277 30 309 69C424 208 493 299 493 373Z" id="g50-225"></path></g></svg></span></td><td class="align_center">25</td></tr><tr><td class="align_left">Vertical length scale</td><td class="align_center"><span style="width: 12.4577ptpx;"><svg height="14.1649pt" id="M4" style="vertical-align:-5.529pt" version="1.1" viewbox="-0.0498162 -8.6359 12.4577 14.1649" width="12.4577pt" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"><g transform="matrix(.013,0,0,-0.013,0,0)"><path d="M640 650H413L406 622L438 617C475 611 483 605 463 571C422 503 346 400 296 333C264 403 215 529 199 575C189 604 191 614 228 618L262 622L271 650H30L23 622C90 615 97 609 119 553L212 321C222 295 223 285 218 259L193 127C176 39 167 33 82 28L76 0H350L356 28C266 36 257 40 275 127L303 266C308 290 314 302 328 322C396 418 454 493 498 546C551 610 565 616 631 622L640 650Z" id="g113-90"></path></g><g transform="matrix(.0091,0,0,-0.0091,7.111,3.132)"><path d="M493 373C493 420 472 451 445 451C421 451 400 435 400 410C400 404 402 400 406 394S417 371 417 350C417 259 317 128 256 55H254C260 126 256 262 238 340C219 424 194 451 163 451C128 451 78 413 24 329L52 302C89 353 106 370 121 370C129 370 137 363 147 336C186 231 196 73 184 -16C152 -88 120 -192 112 -238L130 -257C157 -253 213 -227 231 -213C231 -187 234 -77 240 -23C251 -6 277 30 309 69C424 208 493 299 493 373Z" id="g50-225"></path></g></svg></span></td><td class="align_center">25</td></tr><tr><td class="align_left">Area ratio</td><td class="align_center"><span style="width: 27.5952ptpx;"><svg height="14.1649pt" id="M5" style="vertical-align:-5.529pt" version="1.1" viewbox="-0.0498162 -8.6359 27.5952 14.1649" width="27.5952pt" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"><g transform="matrix(.013,0,0,-0.013,0,0)"><path d="M748 650H522L515 622L546 617C580 611 587 604 565 575C518 513 469 451 419 393C376 474 349 534 330 580C318 609 325 612 361 618L383 622L392 650H151L144 622C214 616 224 612 257 543L360 327C270 218 187 124 159 95C106 40 92 34 26 28L17 0H252L259 28L236 31C189 37 188 47 209 78C249 136 308 210 377 294L478 79C494 44 487 37 449 32L418 28L409 0H673L680 28C596 34 591 39 554 116L436 361C526 469 574 521 604 553C659 612 669 614 739 622L748 650Z" id="g113-89"></path></g><g transform="matrix(.0091,0,0,-0.0091,9.88,3.132)"><path d="M493 373C493 420 472 451 445 451C421 451 400 435 400 410C400 404 402 400 406 394S417 371 417 350C417 259 317 128 256 55H254C260 126 256 262 238 340C219 424 194 451 163 451C128 451 78 413 24 329L52 302C89 353 106 370 121 370C129 370 137 363 147 336C186 231 196 73 184 -16C152 -88 120 -192 112 -238L130 -257C157 -253 213 -227 231 -213C231 -187 234 -77 240 -23C251 -6 277 30 309 69C424 208 493 299 493 373Z" id="g50-225"></path></g><g transform="matrix(.013,0,0,-0.013,15.1,0)"><path d="M640 650H413L406 622L438 617C475 611 483 605 463 571C422 503 346 400 296 333C264 403 215 529 199 575C189 604 191 614 228 618L262 622L271 650H30L23 622C90 615 97 609 119 553L212 321C222 295 223 285 218 259L193 127C176 39 167 33 82 28L76 0H350L356 28C266 36 257 40 275 127L303 266C308 290 314 302 328 322C396 418 454 493 498 546C551 610 565 616 631 622L640 650Z" id="g113-90"></path></g><g transform="matrix(.0091,0,0,-0.0091,22.212,3.132)"><path d="M493 373C493 420 472 451 445 451C421 451 400 435 400 410C400 404 402 400 406 394S417 371 417 350C417 259 317 128 256 55H254C260 126 256 262 238 340C219 424 194 451 163 451C128 451 78 413 24 329L52 302C89 353 106 370 121 370C129 370 137 363 147 336C186 231 196 73 184 -16C152 -88 120 -192 112 -238L130 -257C157 -253 213 -227 231 -213C231 -187 234 -77 240 -23C251 -6 277 30 309 69C424 208 493 299 493 373Z" id="g50-225"></path></g></svg></span></td><td class="align_center">625</td></tr><tr><td class="align_left">Velocity ratio</td><td class="align_center"><span style="width: 21.9206ptpx;"><svg height="18.4396pt" id="M6" style="vertical-align:-6.1814pt" version="1.1" viewbox="-0.0498162 -12.2582 21.9206 18.4396" width="21.9206pt" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"><g transform="matrix(.013,0,0,-0.013,0,0)"><path d="M640 650H413L406 622L438 617C475 611 483 605 463 571C422 503 346 400 296 333C264 403 215 529 199 575C189 604 191 614 228 618L262 622L271 650H30L23 622C90 615 97 609 119 553L212 321C222 295 223 285 218 259L193 127C176 39 167 33 82 28L76 0H350L356 28C266 36 257 40 275 127L303 266C308 290 314 302 328 322C396 418 454 493 498 546C551 610 565 616 631 622L640 650Z" id="g113-90"></path></g><g transform="matrix(.0091,0,0,-0.0091,8.481,-5.741)"><path d="M389 0V32C297 38 291 46 291 118V635C234 613 175 595 109 583V556L161 554C203 552 207 547 207 497V118C207 46 201 38 110 32V0H389Z" id="g50-50"></path></g><g transform="matrix(.0091,0,0,-0.0091,12.913,-5.741)"><path d="M381 704H317L48 -163H112L381 704Z" id="g50-48"></path></g><g transform="matrix(.0091,0,0,-0.0091,16.82,-5.741)"><path d="M414 144C384 79 371 75 317 75H135L276 221C367 316 408 376 408 465C408 570 327 635 237 635C179 635 131 609 100 575L42 494L67 471C94 510 138 565 205 565C277 565 321 517 321 435C321 348 258 270 195 195C146 137 88 81 33 26V0H411C423 44 433 88 446 135L414 144Z" id="g50-51"></path></g><g transform="matrix(.0091,0,0,-0.0091,7.111,3.784)"><path d="M493 373C493 420 472 451 445 451C421 451 400 435 400 410C400 404 402 400 406 394S417 371 417 350C417 259 317 128 256 55H254C260 126 256 262 238 340C219 424 194 451 163 451C128 451 78 413 24 329L52 302C89 353 106 370 121 370C129 370 137 363 147 336C186 231 196 73 184 -16C152 -88 120 -192 112 -238L130 -257C157 -253 213 -227 231 -213C231 -187 234 -77 240 -23C251 -6 277 30 309 69C424 208 493 299 493 373Z" id="g50-225"></path></g></svg></span></td><td class="align_center">5</td></tr><tr><td class="align_left">Flow ratio</td><td class="align_center"><span style="width: 37.0581ptpx;"><svg height="18.4396pt" id="M7" style="vertical-align:-6.1814pt" version="1.1" viewbox="-0.0498162 -12.2582 37.0581 18.4396" width="37.0581pt" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"><g transform="matrix(.013,0,0,-0.013,0,0)"><path d="M748 650H522L515 622L546 617C580 611 587 604 565 575C518 513 469 451 419 393C376 474 349 534 330 580C318 609 325 612 361 618L383 622L392 650H151L144 622C214 616 224 612 257 543L360 327C270 218 187 124 159 95C106 40 92 34 26 28L17 0H252L259 28L236 31C189 37 188 47 209 78C249 136 308 210 377 294L478 79C494 44 487 37 449 32L418 28L409 0H673L680 28C596 34 591 39 554 116L436 361C526 469 574 521 604 553C659 612 669 614 739 622L748 650Z" id="g113-89"></path></g><g transform="matrix(.0091,0,0,-0.0091,9.88,3.132)"><path d="M493 373C493 420 472 451 445 451C421 451 400 435 400 410C400 404 402 400 406 394S417 371 417 350C417 259 317 128 256 55H254C260 126 256 262 238 340C219 424 194 451 163 451C128 451 78 413 24 329L52 302C89 353 106 370 121 370C129 370 137 363 147 336C186 231 196 73 184 -16C152 -88 120 -192 112 -238L130 -257C157 -253 213 -227 231 -213C231 -187 234 -77 240 -23C251 -6 277 30 309 69C424 208 493 299 493 373Z" id="g50-225"></path></g><g transform="matrix(.013,0,0,-0.013,15.1,0)"><path d="M640 650H413L406 622L438 617C475 611 483 605 463 571C422 503 346 400 296 333C264 403 215 529 199 575C189 604 191 614 228 618L262 622L271 650H30L23 622C90 615 97 609 119 553L212 321C222 295 223 285 218 259L193 127C176 39 167 33 82 28L76 0H350L356 28C266 36 257 40 275 127L303 266C308 290 314 302 328 322C396 418 454 493 498 546C551 610 565 616 631 622L640 650Z" id="g113-90"></path></g><g transform="matrix(.0091,0,0,-0.0091,23.582,-5.741)"><path d="M290 377C321 398 342 415 358 430C378 450 389 473 389 502C389 578 329 635 238 635H237C184 635 137 610 109 578L64 515L88 493C112 529 154 573 208 573S303 542 303 482C303 409 233 370 141 341L149 308C165 313 190 319 215 319C272 319 341 283 341 193C342 98 292 43 222 43C163 43 122 72 96 94C88 101 79 100 70 94C61 87 47 73 46 60C44 47 48 37 62 23C76 10 118 -12 165 -12C238 -12 430 62 430 223C430 297 379 359 290 375V377Z" id="g50-52"></path></g><g transform="matrix(.0091,0,0,-0.0091,28.013,-5.741)"><path d="M381 704H317L48 -163H112L381 704Z" id="g50-48"></path></g><g transform="matrix(.0091,0,0,-0.0091,31.921,-5.741)"><path d="M414 144C384 79 371 75 317 75H135L276 221C367 316 408 376 408 465C408 570 327 635 237 635C179 635 131 609 100 575L42 494L67 471C94 510 138 565 205 565C277 565 321 517 321 435C321 348 258 270 195 195C146 137 88 81 33 26V0H411C423 44 433 88 446 135L414 144Z" id="g50-51"></path></g><g transform="matrix(.0091,0,0,-0.0091,22.212,3.784)"><path d="M493 373C493 420 472 451 445 451C421 451 400 435 400 410C400 404 402 400 406 394S417 371 417 350C417 259 317 128 256 55H254C260 126 256 262 238 340C219 424 194 451 163 451C128 451 78 413 24 329L52 302C89 353 106 370 121 370C129 370 137 363 147 336C186 231 196 73 184 -16C152 -88 120 -192 112 -238L130 -257C157 -253 213 -227 231 -213C231 -187 234 -77 240 -23C251 -6 277 30 309 69C424 208 493 299 493 373Z" id="g50-225"></path></g></svg></span></td><td class="align_center">3125</td></tr><tr><td class="align_left">Slope ratio</td><td class="align_center"><span style="width: 27.6605ptpx;"><svg height="16.9964pt" id="M8" style="vertical-align:-8.360501pt" version="1.1" viewbox="-0.0498162 -8.6359 27.6605 16.9964" width="27.6605pt" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"><g transform="matrix(.013,0,0,-0.013,0,0)"><path d="M640 650H413L406 622L438 617C475 611 483 605 463 571C422 503 346 400 296 333C264 403 215 529 199 575C189 604 191 614 228 618L262 622L271 650H30L23 622C90 615 97 609 119 553L212 321C222 295 223 285 218 259L193 127C176 39 167 33 82 28L76 0H350L356 28C266 36 257 40 275 127L303 266C308 290 314 302 328 322C396 418 454 493 498 546C551 610 565 616 631 622L640 650Z" id="g113-90"></path></g><g transform="matrix(.0091,0,0,-0.0091,7.111,3.132)"><path d="M493 373C493 420 472 451 445 451C421 451 400 435 400 410C400 404 402 400 406 394S417 371 417 350C417 259 317 128 256 55H254C260 126 256 262 238 340C219 424 194 451 163 451C128 451 78 413 24 329L52 302C89 353 106 370 121 370C129 370 137 363 147 336C186 231 196 73 184 -16C152 -88 120 -192 112 -238L130 -257C157 -253 213 -227 231 -213C231 -187 234 -77 240 -23C251 -6 277 30 309 69C424 208 493 299 493 373Z" id="g50-225"></path></g><g transform="matrix(.013,0,0,-0.013,12.332,0)"><path d="M748 650H522L515 622L546 617C580 611 587 604 565 575C518 513 469 451 419 393C376 474 349 534 330 580C318 609 325 612 361 618L383 622L392 650H151L144 622C214 616 224 612 257 543L360 327C270 218 187 124 159 95C106 40 92 34 26 28L17 0H252L259 28L236 31C189 37 188 47 209 78C249 136 308 210 377 294L478 79C494 44 487 37 449 32L418 28L409 0H673L680 28C596 34 591 39 554 116L436 361C526 469 574 521 604 553C659 612 669 614 739 622L748 650Z" id="g113-89"></path></g><g transform="matrix(.0091,0,0,-0.0091,22.34,5.963)"><path d="M493 373C493 420 472 451 445 451C421 451 400 435 400 410C400 404 402 400 406 394S417 371 417 350C417 259 317 128 256 55H254C260 126 256 262 238 340C219 424 194 451 163 451C128 451 78 413 24 329L52 302C89 353 106 370 121 370C129 370 137 363 147 336C186 231 196 73 184 -16C152 -88 120 -192 112 -238L130 -257C157 -253 213 -227 231 -213C231 -187 234 -77 240 -23C251 -6 277 30 309 69C424 208 493 299 493 373Z" id="g50-225"></path></g></svg></span></td><td class="align_center">625</td></tr><tr><td class="align_left">Roughness coefficient ratio</td><td class="align_center"><span style="width: 50.7971ptpx;"><svg height="18.4396pt" id="M9" style="vertical-align:-6.1814pt" version="1.1" viewbox="-0.0498162 -12.2582 50.7971 18.4396" width="50.7971pt" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"><g transform="matrix(.013,0,0,-0.013,0,0)"><path d="M748 650H522L515 622L546 617C580 611 587 604 565 575C518 513 469 451 419 393C376 474 349 534 330 580C318 609 325 612 361 618L383 622L392 650H151L144 622C214 616 224 612 257 543L360 327C270 218 187 124 159 95C106 40 92 34 26 28L17 0H252L259 28L236 31C189 37 188 47 209 78C249 136 308 210 377 294L478 79C494 44 487 37 449 32L418 28L409 0H673L680 28C596 34 591 39 554 116L436 361C526 469 574 521 604 553C659 612 669 614 739 622L748 650Z" id="g113-89"></path></g><g transform="matrix(.0091,0,0,-0.0091,9.945,-5.741)"><path d="M556 236V289H56V236H556Z" id="g54-33"></path></g><g transform="matrix(.0091,0,0,-0.0091,15.505,-5.741)"><path d="M389 0V32C297 38 291 46 291 118V635C234 613 175 595 109 583V556L161 554C203 552 207 547 207 497V118C207 46 201 38 110 32V0H389Z" id="g50-50"></path></g><g transform="matrix(.0091,0,0,-0.0091,19.937,-5.741)"><path d="M381 704H317L48 -163H112L381 704Z" id="g50-48"></path></g><g transform="matrix(.0091,0,0,-0.0091,23.844,-5.741)"><path d="M414 144C384 79 371 75 317 75H135L276 221C367 316 408 376 408 465C408 570 327 635 237 635C179 635 131 609 100 575L42 494L67 471C94 510 138 565 205 565C277 565 321 517 321 435C321 348 258 270 195 195C146 137 88 81 33 26V0H411C423 44 433 88 446 135L414 144Z" id="g50-51"></path></g><g transform="matrix(.0091,0,0,-0.0091,9.88,3.784)"><path d="M493 373C493 420 472 451 445 451C421 451 400 435 400 410C400 404 402 400 406 394S417 371 417 350C417 259 317 128 256 55H254C260 126 256 262 238 340C219 424 194 451 163 451C128 451 78 413 24 329L52 302C89 353 106 370 121 370C129 370 137 363 147 336C186 231 196 73 184 -16C152 -88 120 -192 112 -238L130 -257C157 -253 213 -227 231 -213C231 -187 234 -77 240 -23C251 -6 277 30 309 69C424 208 493 299 493 373Z" id="g50-225"></path></g><g transform="matrix(.013,0,0,-0.013,28.839,0)"><path d="M640 650H413L406 622L438 617C475 611 483 605 463 571C422 503 346 400 296 333C264 403 215 529 199 575C189 604 191 614 228 618L262 622L271 650H30L23 622C90 615 97 609 119 553L212 321C222 295 223 285 218 259L193 127C176 39 167 33 82 28L76 0H350L356 28C266 36 257 40 275 127L303 266C308 290 314 302 328 322C396 418 454 493 498 546C551 610 565 616 631 622L640 650Z" id="g113-90"></path></g><g transform="matrix(.0091,0,0,-0.0091,37.32,-5.741)"><path d="M414 144C384 79 371 75 317 75H135L276 221C367 316 408 376 408 465C408 570 327 635 237 635C179 635 131 609 100 575L42 494L67 471C94 510 138 565 205 565C277 565 321 517 321 435C321 348 258 270 195 195C146 137 88 81 33 26V0H411C423 44 433 88 446 135L414 144Z" id="g50-51"></path></g><g transform="matrix(.0091,0,0,-0.0091,41.752,-5.741)"><path d="M381 704H317L48 -163H112L381 704Z" id="g50-48"></path></g><g transform="matrix(.0091,0,0,-0.0091,45.66,-5.741)"><path d="M290 377C321 398 342 415 358 430C378 450 389 473 389 502C389 578 329 635 238 635H237C184 635 137 610 109 578L64 515L88 493C112 529 154 573 208 573S303 542 303 482C303 409 233 370 141 341L149 308C165 313 190 319 215 319C272 319 341 283 341 193C342 98 292 43 222 43C163 43 122 72 96 94C88 101 79 100 70 94C61 87 47 73 46 60C44 47 48 37 62 23C76 10 118 -12 165 -12C238 -12 430 62 430 223C430 297 379 359 290 375V377Z" id="g50-52"></path></g><g transform="matrix(.0091,0,0,-0.0091,35.95,3.784)"><path d="M493 373C493 420 472 451 445 451C421 451 400 435 400 410C400 404 402 400 406 394S417 371 417 350C417 259 317 128 256 55H254C260 126 256 262 238 340C219 424 194 451 163 451C128 451 78 413 24 329L52 302C89 353 106 370 121 370C129 370 137 363 147 336C186 231 196 73 184 -16C152 -88 120 -192 112 -238L130 -257C157 -253 213 -227 231 -213C231 -187 234 -77 240 -23C251 -6 277 30 309 69C424 208 493 299 493 373Z" id="g50-225"></path></g></svg></span></td><td class="align_center">0.585</td></tr><tr class="table-tr"><td colspan="3"><hr class="tbody-hr"/></td></tr></table></td></tr></table>

<div>Scale for physical model test and hydraulic volume conversion ratio.</div>

Mathematical Problems in Engineering

tab1

Table 1

Table 1: Study on the Rectification of Forebay in Pumping Station 