Development of Accurate Lithium-Ion Battery Model Based on Adaptive Random Disturbance PSO Algorithm

<div>Error distribution of the battery models with the parameters identified by ARDPSO: (a) simple model; (b) first-order RC model; (c) second-order RC model.</div>

Mathematical Problems in Engineering

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Figure 9

Figure 9: Development of Accurate Lithium-Ion Battery Model Based on Adaptive Random Disturbance PSO Algorithm 