Development of Accurate Lithium-Ion Battery Model Based on Adaptive Random Disturbance PSO Algorithm

Table 4

Comparison of performance results.

Algorithm	Error	f1	f2	f3	f4	f5	f6	f7	f8	f9
Standard; PSO	Minimum Error	0.001238535	0.015541741	0.000359473	0.012069324	0.00312616	0	0.002253	0.015926	3.47E-08
	Average Error	0.07380834	0.331487833	0.061015048	0.139138918	0.362969219	1	0.846391	0.103188	0.004895
	Maximum Error	0.681954989	0.808067334	0.24427567	0.446676649	2.771664211	0.133333	2.130416	0.41696	0.010275
LPSO	Minimum Error	3.93E-14	3.03E-07	2.63E-14	8.81E-08	7.55E-14	0	1.53E-13	2.42E-08	7.77E-16
	Average Error	7.59E-12	3.48E-06	1.15E-11	2.90E-06	6.72E-10	0	0.1990	3.71E-07	0.0043
	Maximum Error	4.22E-11	1.01E-05	1.05E-10	9.85E-06	1.35E-08	0	0.994959	1.58E-06	0.0074
ARDPSO	Minimum Error	8.89E-33	1.26E-16	2.61E-32	3.08E-17	1.23E-32	0	0	8.88E-16	0
	Average Error	3.22E-29	1.98E-15	1.70E-29	2.05E-15	3.90E-27	0	0.0099	4.09E-15	0.0023
	Maximum Error	5.11E-28	7.08E-15	1.18E-28	1.78E-14	7.31E-26	0	0.994959	1.15E-14	0.0074