Sources Classification of foundation soil m Horizontal displacement of pile topΔ Applicable area Technical specification for building pile foundation (JGJ94-94)[20 ] Silt, silty soil, saturated loess 2.5~6 6~12 Plastic flow, soft plastic clay loose silt, silty sand(e>0.9), Loose, slightly dense filling 6~14 4~8 Plastic clay, silt (e=0.75~0.9), collapsible loess, medium dense fill, slightly fine sand 14~35 3~6 Various regions Hard plastic, hard clay, collapsible loess, silt (e<0.9), medium thick medium and coarse sand, dense old fill 35~100 2~5 Dense, dense gravel, gravel soil 100~300 1.5~3 Feng et al (2005) [21 ] Viscous soil with flow plastic 0~15 - - Hangzhou, China Soft plastic clay, loose silty soil and sand 3~4 - - Plastic clay, mildly densely silty soil and sand 5~6 - - Hard clay, dense silty soil, sand 9~10 - - Design specification for foundation and foundation of highway bridge and culvert (JTJ024-85) [22 ] Plastic Clayey Soil, 3~5 Soft plastic clay, 1> 5~10 Hard plastic clay, 0.5> 10~20 Tianjin, China Hard, semi hard clayey soil, 20~30 Gravel, breccia, Boulder, gravel, pebbles 30~80 Dense pebbles, dense pebbles 80~120 Design rules of foundation pit engineering in Shanghai (DBJ08-61-97) [23 ] Viscous soil with flow plastic 1~2 - - Soft plastic clay, loose silt soil and sand 2~4 Plastic clay, mildly densely silty soil and sand 4~6 - - Hard clay, dense silty soil, sand 6~10 - - Shanghai, China Cement soil mixing pile Cement content <8% 2~4 - - Cement content >12% 4~6
