Relevance of Incorporating Cavity Shape Change in Modelling the Ductile Failure of Metals

<table class="fixed-width table-group" id="tab3"><tr><td><table class="table"><colgroup><col style="width:9.35em"/><col style="width:6.01em"/><col style="width:3.36em"/><col style="width:3.44em"/></colgroup><tr><td class="thead-hr" colspan="4"><hr/></td></tr><tr class="thead"><td class="align_left"> </td><td class="align_center">Experiment</td><td class="align_center">GTN</td><td class="align_center">GLD</td></tr><tr><td class="thead-hr" colspan="4"><hr/></td></tr><tr><td class="align_left">Maximal force (kN)</td><td class="align_center">25.92</td><td class="align_center">22.31</td><td class="align_center">25.66</td></tr><tr><td class="align_left">Error (%)</td><td class="align_center">-</td><td class="align_center">13.93</td><td class="align_center">1.00</td></tr><tr><td class="align_left" colspan="4"><hr/></td></tr><tr><td class="align_left">Displacement (mm)</td><td class="align_center">10.28</td><td class="align_center">9.19</td><td class="align_center">10.19</td></tr><tr><td class="align_left">Error (%)</td><td class="align_center">-</td><td class="align_center">10.60</td><td class="align_center">0.87</td></tr><tr class="table-tr"><td colspan="4"><hr class="tbody-hr"/></td></tr></table></td></tr></table>

<div>Representative points of the force-displacement curve during deep drawing of the sheet.</div>

Mathematical Problems in Engineering

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Table 3: Relevance of Incorporating Cavity Shape Change in Modelling the Ductile Failure of Metals 