Electric-Parameter-Based Inversion of Dynamometer Card Using Hybrid Modeling for Beam Pumping System

Table 5

Comparison of the prediction results with the three data-driven models by RMSE and MAE.

Predictive methods	RMSE	MAE
IFS-DDKOS-ELM model	1.4365	1.1780
LS-SVM model	3.4873	2.9140
KOS-ELM model	2.5195	2.1492