Biological Flower Pollination Algorithm with Orthogonal Learning Strategy and Catfish Effect Mechanism for Global Optimization Problems

Table 3

Benchmark functions.

	Function name	Scope	Optimal solution	Optimum
	Sphere function	[−100, 100]^D		0
	Quartic function with noise	[−1.28, 1.28]^D		0
	High conditioned elliptic function	[−100, 100]^D		0
	Rosenbrock function	[−30, 30]^D		0
	Schwefel problem 2.22 function	[−10, 10]^D		0
	Step function	[−100, 100]^D		0
	Dixon-price function	[−10, 10]^D		0
	Schwefel function	[−500, 500]^D		−418.9829D
	Rastrigin function	[−5.12, 5.12]^D		0
	Griewank function	[−600, 600]^D		0
	Ackley function	[−32, 32]^D		0
	Noncontinuous rastrigin function	[−5.12, 5.12]^D		0
	Generalized penalized function 1	[−10, 10]^D		0
	Generalized penalized function 2	[−10, 10]^D		0