Mobilizable Strength Design for Multibench Retained Excavation

Table 1

Material parameters of kaolin clay [23].

Parameter	Value
Bulk weight (kN/m^3)	17.6
Stress ratio, M	0.84
Slope of one-dimensional compression line in v–lnp′ space,	0.25
Slope of unload–reload line in v–lnp′ space,	0.05
Specific volume of the critical state line at unit pressure,	3.48
Poisson’s ratio for effective stress analysis, v′	0.33
Coefficient of earth pressure at rest,	0.63
Saturated horizontal permeability, (m/s)
Saturated vertical permeability, (m/s)