Epidemic Spreading in Interdependent Networks

Figure 2

An example of epidemic spreading in a system of interdependent networks . Links inside networks and are shown as arcs, while interdependent links between networks and are shown as horizontal straight lines. Susceptible nodes in networks and are marked as ◯ and ⬜, respectively. Infected nodes in network are marked as ●. Removed and failure nodes are no longer functioning; thus, these nodes and the links to them are not presented in this figure.

(a) Start

(b) Stage 1

(c) Stage 2

(d) Stage 3