A Meshless WCSPH Boundary Treatment for Open-Channel Flow over Small-Scale Rough Bed

Figure 13

Error analysis of the wall function model for hydraulic smooth flows a, c, d, e, and i and hydraulic rough flows b, f, g, h, j, k, and l.

(a)

(b)

(c)

(d)

(e)

(f)

(g)

(h)

(i)

(j)

(k)

(l)