Research Article
Upper Bound Analysis for Collapse Failure of Shield Tunnel Face Excavated in Unsaturated Soils Considering Steady Vertical Flow
Table 1
Typical value ranges of
and
with respect to different soils [
24].
| | Soil type | (dimensionless) | |
| | Sandy clay | 4.0-8.5 | 0.001-0.01 | | Sandy silt | 4.0-8.5 | 0.01-0.1 | | Sand | 4.0-8.5 | 0.1-0.5 | | Silty clay | 2.0-4.0 | 0.001-0.01 | | Silt | 2.0-4.0 | 0.01-0.1 | | Silty sand | 2.0-4.0 | 0.1-0.5 | | Clay | 1.1-2.5 | 0.001-0.01 | | Clayey silt | 1.2-2.5 | 0.01-0.1 | | Clayey sand | 1.1-2.5 | 0.1-0.5 |
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