Numerical Simulation Study on Flow and Fracture of Granular Materials

Algorithm 5

Beam element action algorithm.

(1)	The list of beams between all block elements is obtained from the algorithm in Section 2.2.
(2)	Cycle all the beams in the catalogue (for (i = 0; i < beamNum; i++) (beamNum is the number of beam)).
	(a) Obtain information about two blocks connected by beam i.
	(b) Obtain the displacement and rotation angles of two blocks.
	(c) Calculate the relative displacement and rotation angle at both ends of the beam.
	(d) Deformation of the beam is obtained by comparing the position of the beam with that of the previous step-length beam.
	(e) Calculation of forces, moments, and torques on beams based on the matrix displacement method.
	(f) Judge by failure criteria whether the beam disappears. If it disappears, then delete the beam from the catalogue.
(3)	End the cycle.