Numerical Simulation Study on Flow and Fracture of Granular Materials

Figure 15

Particle placement before loading and the particle stratification and fragmentation after loading in the experiment: (a–c) particle placement; (d–f) surface fragmentation of each layer; (g–i) fragmentation of each layer after taking out the layers.

(a)

(b)

(c)

(d)

(e)

(f)

(g)

(h)

(i)