Operation of Parallel Inverters in Microgrid Using New Adaptive PI Controllers Based on Least Mean Fourth Technique

Table 8

Comparative analysis of proposed controller with other linear/adaptive/nonlinear controllers.

Parameters		Proposed; Adaptive; Controller	Regular; PI Controller	Single-Neuron; Adaptive PI	Recursive Least Square Adaptive PI	SMC
Average steady-state error (%)		< 0.5 %	< 1 %	< 0.5 %	2 %	1 %
Average settling time (s)		0.5 s	1 s	1 s	1.5 s	1 s
overshoot (%)	at the start of microgrid operation	32 %	34 %	32 %	34 %	Large for short time
undershoot (%)		7 %	4 %	4 %	8 %	0 %
Variation of controller performance with operating conditions (at time= 0 s and time = 2.5 s)		Small - almost same optimum performance	Large - optimum performance is not guaranteed	Medium - almost same optimum performance	Medium - performance differ from one to another	Small - almost same performance