Parameter Identification and State of Charge Estimation of NMC Cells Based on Improved Ant Lion Optimizer

Table 5

The performance of algorithms.

Algorithm; Function	Optimum value				Convergence iteration				Convergence time /s
	GA	PSO	ALO	IALO	GA	PSO	ALO	IALO	GA	PSO	ALO	IALO
Griewank	0.0074	0.0075	3.879e-6	3.585e-12	18	62	100	88	0.0663	0.3604	6.415	6.059
Ackley	0.0010	0.0116	1.263e-6	3.459e-6	100	177	400	350	0.1003	0.4996	3.972	3.664
Rosenbrock	0.0506	0.0623	1.191e-13	2.872e-13	86	98	200	162	0.1273	0.2402	2.582	2.578
Rastrigin	2.946e-5	1.876e-5	1.421e-12	5.272e-12	90	45	200	154	0.0691	0.1386	2.413	1.842
Branin	0.3981	0.3980	0.39791	0.39789	12	15	144	95	0.0135	0.0450	6.816	6.282
Six-Hump Camelback	-1.0238	-1.0306	-1.0316	-1.0316	4	61	175	106	0.0069	0.1571	2.9613	2.677