Research Article
Application of Improved Particle Swarm Optimization in Vehicle Crashworthiness
Table 1
Comparison of algorithm performance.
| | | Test function | Optimal solution | Worst
solution | Average solution |
| | Improved particle swarm optimization | Sphere | 3.6×10−5 | 4.5×10−5 | 3.9×10−5 |
| | Particle swarm optimization | Sphere | 6.7×10−2 | 8.2×10−2 | 7.1×10−2 |
| | Improved particle swarm optimization | Rosenbrock | 1.2×10−1 | 1.6×10−1 | 1.4×10−1 |
| | Particle swarm optimization | Rosenbrock | 1.9 | 2.4 | 2.0 |
| | Improved particle swarm optimization | Rastrigin | 9.8×10−4 | 1.7×10−3 | 1.3×10−3 |
| | Particle swarm optimization | Rastrigin | 9.7×10−2 | 2.1×10−1 | 1.8×10−1 |
| | Improved particle swarm optimization | Griewank | 4.2×10−2 | 9.3×10−2 | 5.8×10−2 |
| | Particle swarm optimization | Griewank | 4.0×10−1 | 5.1×10−1 | 4.8×10−1 |
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