Application of Improved Particle Swarm Optimization in Vehicle Crashworthiness

Table 4

Comparison of optimization results.

(a) Design variable

	t1/mm	t2/mm	t3/mm	t4/mm	t5/mm	t6/mm	t7/mm	t8/mm
Original finite element model	1.10	1.25	1.10	1.10	1.65	1.63	0.89	0.70
Particle swarm optimization	1.20	1.00	1.30	0.90	1.10	1.30	0.92	0.51
Improved particle swarm optimization	1.15	1.02	1.23	0.92	0.96	1.30	0.90	0.49

(b) Collision target response

	/(m/s^2)	D1/mm	D2/mm	D3/mm	m/kg
Original finite element model	57.60	97.60	260.60	268.40	716.85
Particle swarm optimization	53.20	90.10	252.40	254.20	710.61
Improved particle swarm optimization	47.90	84.70	241.60	242.10	710.40
Particle swarm optimization percentage	-7.64%	-7.68%	-3.15%	-5.29%	-0.87%
Improved particle swarm optimization percentage	-16.84%	-13.22%	-7.29%	-9.80%	-0.90%