Three-Dimensional Upper Bound Limit Analysis on the Collapse of Shallow Soil Tunnels considering Roof Stratification and Pore Water Pressure

<div>Contour of vertical displacement for varying roof stratification numbers: (a) two layers; (b) three layers; (c) four layers; (d) five layers.</div>

Mathematical Problems in Engineering

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Figure 4

Figure 4: Three-Dimensional Upper Bound Limit Analysis on the Collapse of Shallow Soil Tunnels considering Roof Stratification and Pore Water Pressure 

Figure 4 | Three-Dimensional Upper Bound Limit Analysis on the Collapse of Shallow Soil Tunnels considering Roof Stratification and Pore Water Pressure 