Research Article
Three-Dimensional Upper Bound Limit Analysis on the Collapse of Shallow Soil Tunnels considering Roof Stratification and Pore Water Pressure
Figure 5
Collapse surfaces for varying roof stratification numbers and pore water pressure coefficients: (a) two layers; (b) three layers; (c) four layers; (d) five layers.
(a) |
(b) |
(c) |
(d) |