Research Article

Three-Dimensional Upper Bound Limit Analysis on the Collapse of Shallow Soil Tunnels considering Roof Stratification and Pore Water Pressure

Table 2

The strength parameters of roof soil layers.

No.The nonlinear MC parameters in upper bound limit analysisThe equivalent MC model parameters in FLAC3D

Layer 1, 3, 5ā€‰

Layer 2, 4ā€‰