Lithium-Ion Battery Parameters and State of Charge Joint Estimation Using Bias Compensation Least Squares and the Alternate Algorithm

Figure 11

SOC results at 0°C: (a) SOC by the BCLS-ALT algorithm. (b) SOC by the RLS-ALT algorithm at case 1. (c) SOC by the RLS-ALT algorithm at case 2. (d) SOC error.

(a)

(b)

(c)

(d)