Prediction of North Atlantic Oscillation Index Associated with the Sea Level Pressure Using DWT-LSTM and DWT-ConvLSTM Networks

Table 3

The errors of the proposed models and ensemble forecast products.

Model	RMSE	MAE	MAPE (%)	SMAPE (%)	VAPE
DWT-LSTM	0.2547	0.2089	25.7524	23.1516	0.2433
DWT-ConvLSTM	0.2103	0.1945	23.3784	21.3440	0.1975
GFS_7	0.3496	0.3025	41.4826	33.8523	0.5028
GFS_10	0.2893	0.2317	24.8254	26.8585	0.1875
GFS_14	0.8030	0.7808	89.7068	87.6454	0.5045
ENSM_7	0.4533	0.4132	46.5721	49.4401	0.3246
ENSM_10	0.7085	0.5775	51.9023	82.7799	0.3337
ENSM_14	1.0195	0.9935	107.0605	1090.4483	0.3851