A Predictor-Corrector Finite Element Method for Time-Harmonic Maxwell’s Equations in Polygonal Domains

<div>Estimates of the errors <svg height="19.4051pt" id="M524" style="vertical-align:-6.839pt" version="1.1" viewbox="-0.0498162 -12.5661 92.907 19.4051" width="92.907pt" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"><g transform="matrix(.013,0,0,-0.013,0,0)"><path d="M162 -163V703H102V-163H162ZM309 -163V703H249V-163H309Z"></path></g><g transform="matrix(.013,0,0,-0.013,5.343,0)"><path d="M542 56L520 58C483 62 478 72 478 124V449C455 445 422 441 387 438C351 435 316 432 287 431V402L318 395C345 389 350 383 350 336V93C328 71 306 65 279 65C245 65 211 88 211 153V298C211 356 211 407 214 449C187 445 151 441 118 438C84 435 53 432 28 431V402L51 395C77 388 83 383 83 337V130C83 42 131 -12 214 -12C245 -12 272 -1 300 18C322 31 333 41 350 55V-5L359 -12C389 -5 420 2 452 8C485 15 513 20 542 24V56Z"></path></g><g transform="matrix(.0091,0,0,-0.0091,12.558,-6.049)"><path d="M309 -142C211 -61 151 99 151 271S210 601 309 683L288 710C141 611 75 451 75 272V271C75 90 141 -72 288 -169L309 -142Z"></path></g><g transform="matrix(.0091,0,0,-0.0091,15.816,-6.049)"><path d="M504 89L488 119C453 85 428 69 416 69C408 69 405 75 412 102L462 304C492 438 460 451 436 451S388 441 356 423C311 397 229 336 170 256H168L189 340C208 418 200 451 177 451C144 451 82 413 24 352L40 322C65 345 98 369 108 369C114 369 119 363 112 335L28 -3L36 -12C54 -3 83 4 112 10C125 73 138 122 153 174C205 258 328 382 376 382C395 382 399 369 384 305L330 93C312 25 323 -12 351 -12C378 -12 439 21 504 89Z"></path></g><g transform="matrix(.0091,0,0,-0.0091,20.475,-6.049)"><path d="M283 271C283 451 220 610 70 710L48 683C146 603 207 443 207 271S149 -59 48 -142L70 -169C220 -67 283 90 283 271Z"></path></g><g transform="matrix(.0091,0,0,-0.0091,12.558,4.525)"><path d="M509 90L493 118C465 91 427 70 418 70S409 77 415 103L469 327C494 429 466 451 436 451C412 451 387 444 356 427C307 400 222 342 160 264H158L246 667C253 701 252 710 243 710C228 710 169 680 87 673L83 644H117C155 644 160 640 149 588L24 -4L32 -12C57 -4 86 4 108 9L143 187C198 275 324 386 375 386C394 386 399 367 385 311L331 87C315 22 322 -12 351 -12C387 -12 452 24 509 90Z"></path></g><g transform="matrix(.0065,0,0,-0.0065,17.308,6.626)"><path d="M256 606C256 635 239 657 207 657C171 657 147 619 147 593C147 563 173 543 194 543C234 543 256 573 256 606ZM233 98L216 125C191 101 156 75 139 75C133 75 132 82 139 107L214 377C226 420 224 454 198 454C169 454 98 415 31 351L46 323C81 353 110 372 116 372C129 372 126 356 121 338L57 101C31 5 47 -12 72 -12C115 -12 197 52 233 98Z"></path></g><g transform="matrix(.013,0,0,-0.013,27.178,0)"><path d="M535 230V280H52V230H535Z"></path></g><g transform="matrix(.013,0,0,-0.013,37.715,0)"><path d="M542 56L520 58C483 62 478 72 478 124V449C455 445 422 441 387 438C351 435 316 432 287 431V402L318 395C345 389 350 383 350 336V93C328 71 306 65 279 65C245 65 211 88 211 153V298C211 356 211 407 214 449C187 445 151 441 118 438C84 435 53 432 28 431V402L51 395C77 388 83 383 83 337V130C83 42 131 -12 214 -12C245 -12 272 -1 300 18C322 31 333 41 350 55V-5L359 -12C389 -5 420 2 452 8C485 15 513 20 542 24V56Z"></path></g><g transform="matrix(.0091,0,0,-0.0091,44.93,-6.049)"><path d="M309 -142C211 -61 151 99 151 271S210 601 309 683L288 710C141 611 75 451 75 272V271C75 90 141 -72 288 -169L309 -142Z"></path></g><g transform="matrix(.0091,0,0,-0.0091,48.188,-6.049)"><path d="M504 89L488 119C453 85 428 69 416 69C408 69 405 75 412 102L462 304C492 438 460 451 436 451S388 441 356 423C311 397 229 336 170 256H168L189 340C208 418 200 451 177 451C144 451 82 413 24 352L40 322C65 345 98 369 108 369C114 369 119 363 112 335L28 -3L36 -12C54 -3 83 4 112 10C125 73 138 122 153 174C205 258 328 382 376 382C395 382 399 369 384 305L330 93C312 25 323 -12 351 -12C378 -12 439 21 504 89Z"></path></g><g transform="matrix(.0091,0,0,-0.0091,52.847,-6.049)"><path d="M283 271C283 451 220 610 70 710L48 683C146 603 207 443 207 271S149 -59 48 -142L70 -169C220 -67 283 90 283 271Z"></path></g><g transform="matrix(.0091,0,0,-0.0091,44.93,4.525)"><path d="M509 90L493 118C465 91 427 70 418 70S409 77 415 103L469 327C494 429 466 451 436 451C412 451 387 444 356 427C307 400 222 342 160 264H158L246 667C253 701 252 710 243 710C228 710 169 680 87 673L83 644H117C155 644 160 640 149 588L24 -4L32 -12C57 -4 86 4 108 9L143 187C198 275 324 386 375 386C394 386 399 367 385 311L331 87C315 22 322 -12 351 -12C387 -12 452 24 509 90Z"></path></g><g transform="matrix(.0065,0,0,-0.0065,49.68,6.626)"><path d="M256 606C256 635 239 657 207 657C171 657 147 619 147 593C147 563 173 543 194 543C234 543 256 573 256 606ZM233 98L216 125C191 101 156 75 139 75C133 75 132 82 139 107L214 377C226 420 224 454 198 454C169 454 98 415 31 351L46 323C81 353 110 372 116 372C129 372 126 356 121 338L57 101C31 5 47 -12 72 -12C115 -12 197 52 233 98Z"></path></g><g transform="matrix(.0065,0,0,-0.0065,51.546,6.626)"><path d="M578 242V297H351V519H286V297H59V242H286V-6H351V242H578Z"></path></g><g transform="matrix(.0065,0,0,-0.0065,55.686,6.626)"><path d="M394 0V37C301 42 295 50 295 122V635C236 613 178 596 109 583V553L165 551C205 549 209 544 209 495V122C209 50 203 42 111 37V0H394Z"></path></g><g transform="matrix(.013,0,0,-0.013,59.946,0)"><path d="M162 -163V703H102V-163H162ZM309 -163V703H249V-163H309Z"></path></g><g transform="matrix(.0091,0,0,-0.0091,65.289,3.132)"><path d="M567 167L534 181C505 122 482 94 454 70C428 46 385 42 330 42C288 42 248 44 235 55C216 70 213 91 220 130L295 528C310 609 314 611 401 618L409 650H140L131 618C222 611 224 609 209 528L133 126C118 47 108 41 25 33L18 0H497C514 33 554 126 567 167Z"></path></g><g transform="matrix(.0065,0,0,-0.0065,71.167,5.233)"><path d="M452 139L416 148C386 81 373 77 319 77H141L282 220C372 312 414 373 414 464C414 569 332 635 240 635C181 635 132 609 101 574L42 493L70 467C98 506 143 562 209 562C280 562 324 515 324 435C324 347 261 272 197 197C148 139 89 84 34 29V0H417L452 139Z"></path></g><g transform="matrix(.0091,0,0,-0.0091,74.888,3.132)"><path d="M309 -142C211 -61 151 99 151 271S210 601 309 683L288 710C141 611 75 451 75 272V271C75 90 141 -72 288 -169L309 -142Z"></path></g><g transform="matrix(.0091,0,0,-0.0091,78.146,3.132)"><path d="M727 145L694 147C669 79 660 74 614 74H536C582 128 696 227 696 364C696 547 564 666 388 666C215 666 78 544 78 361C78 224 189 126 240 74H155C117 74 102 83 79 147L48 145L64 0H313L320 21C290 72 182 208 182 360C182 527 261 628 387 628S593 523 593 362C593 199 488 69 456 21L461 0H709L727 145Z"></path></g><g transform="matrix(.0091,0,0,-0.0091,85.135,3.132)"><path d="M283 271C283 451 220 610 70 710L48 683C146 603 207 443 207 271S149 -59 48 -142L70 -169C220 -67 283 90 283 271Z"></path></g><g transform="matrix(.0065,0,0,-0.0065,88.393,-.065)"><path d="M452 139L416 148C386 81 373 77 319 77H141L282 220C372 312 414 373 414 464C414 569 332 635 240 635C181 635 132 609 101 574L42 493L70 467C98 506 143 562 209 562C280 562 324 515 324 435C324 347 261 272 197 197C148 139 89 84 34 29V0H417L452 139Z"></path></g></svg> and <span class="nowrap"><svg height="19.4051pt" id="M525" style="vertical-align:-6.839pt" version="1.1" viewbox="-0.0498162 -12.5661 76.8731 19.4051" width="76.8731pt" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"><g transform="matrix(.013,0,0,-0.013,0,0)"><path d="M162 -163V703H102V-163H162ZM309 -163V703H249V-163H309Z"></path></g><g transform="matrix(.013,0,0,-0.013,5.343,0)"><path d="M542 56L520 58C483 62 478 72 478 124V449C455 445 422 441 387 438C351 435 316 432 287 431V402L318 395C345 389 350 383 350 336V93C328 71 306 65 279 65C245 65 211 88 211 153V298C211 356 211 407 214 449C187 445 151 441 118 438C84 435 53 432 28 431V402L51 395C77 388 83 383 83 337V130C83 42 131 -12 214 -12C245 -12 272 -1 300 18C322 31 333 41 350 55V-5L359 -12C389 -5 420 2 452 8C485 15 513 20 542 24V56Z"></path></g><g transform="matrix(.0091,0,0,-0.0091,12.558,-6.049)"><path d="M309 -142C211 -61 151 99 151 271S210 601 309 683L288 710C141 611 75 451 75 272V271C75 90 141 -72 288 -169L309 -142Z"></path></g><g transform="matrix(.0091,0,0,-0.0091,15.816,-6.049)"><path d="M504 89L488 119C453 85 428 69 416 69C408 69 405 75 412 102L462 304C492 438 460 451 436 451S388 441 356 423C311 397 229 336 170 256H168L189 340C208 418 200 451 177 451C144 451 82 413 24 352L40 322C65 345 98 369 108 369C114 369 119 363 112 335L28 -3L36 -12C54 -3 83 4 112 10C125 73 138 122 153 174C205 258 328 382 376 382C395 382 399 369 384 305L330 93C312 25 323 -12 351 -12C378 -12 439 21 504 89Z"></path></g><g transform="matrix(.0091,0,0,-0.0091,20.475,-6.049)"><path d="M283 271C283 451 220 610 70 710L48 683C146 603 207 443 207 271S149 -59 48 -142L70 -169C220 -67 283 90 283 271Z"></path></g><g transform="matrix(.0091,0,0,-0.0091,12.558,4.525)"><path d="M509 90L493 118C465 91 427 70 418 70S409 77 415 103L469 327C494 429 466 451 436 451C412 451 387 444 356 427C307 400 222 342 160 264H158L246 667C253 701 252 710 243 710C228 710 169 680 87 673L83 644H117C155 644 160 640 149 588L24 -4L32 -12C57 -4 86 4 108 9L143 187C198 275 324 386 375 386C394 386 399 367 385 311L331 87C315 22 322 -12 351 -12C387 -12 452 24 509 90Z"></path></g><g transform="matrix(.0065,0,0,-0.0065,17.308,6.626)"><path d="M256 606C256 635 239 657 207 657C171 657 147 619 147 593C147 563 173 543 194 543C234 543 256 573 256 606ZM233 98L216 125C191 101 156 75 139 75C133 75 132 82 139 107L214 377C226 420 224 454 198 454C169 454 98 415 31 351L46 323C81 353 110 372 116 372C129 372 126 356 121 338L57 101C31 5 47 -12 72 -12C115 -12 197 52 233 98Z"></path></g><g transform="matrix(.013,0,0,-0.013,27.178,0)"><path d="M535 230V280H52V230H535Z"></path></g><g transform="matrix(.013,0,0,-0.013,37.715,0)"><path d="M542 56L520 58C483 62 478 72 478 124V449C455 445 422 441 387 438C351 435 316 432 287 431V402L318 395C345 389 350 383 350 336V93C328 71 306 65 279 65C245 65 211 88 211 153V298C211 356 211 407 214 449C187 445 151 441 118 438C84 435 53 432 28 431V402L51 395C77 388 83 383 83 337V130C83 42 131 -12 214 -12C245 -12 272 -1 300 18C322 31 333 41 350 55V-5L359 -12C389 -5 420 2 452 8C485 15 513 20 542 24V56Z"></path></g><g transform="matrix(.0091,0,0,-0.0091,44.93,-6.049)"><path d="M309 -142C211 -61 151 99 151 271S210 601 309 683L288 710C141 611 75 451 75 272V271C75 90 141 -72 288 -169L309 -142Z"></path></g><g transform="matrix(.0091,0,0,-0.0091,48.188,-6.049)"><path d="M504 89L488 119C453 85 428 69 416 69C408 69 405 75 412 102L462 304C492 438 460 451 436 451S388 441 356 423C311 397 229 336 170 256H168L189 340C208 418 200 451 177 451C144 451 82 413 24 352L40 322C65 345 98 369 108 369C114 369 119 363 112 335L28 -3L36 -12C54 -3 83 4 112 10C125 73 138 122 153 174C205 258 328 382 376 382C395 382 399 369 384 305L330 93C312 25 323 -12 351 -12C378 -12 439 21 504 89Z"></path></g><g transform="matrix(.0091,0,0,-0.0091,52.847,-6.049)"><path d="M283 271C283 451 220 610 70 710L48 683C146 603 207 443 207 271S149 -59 48 -142L70 -169C220 -67 283 90 283 271Z"></path></g><g transform="matrix(.0091,0,0,-0.0091,44.93,4.525)"><path d="M509 90L493 118C465 91 427 70 418 70S409 77 415 103L469 327C494 429 466 451 436 451C412 451 387 444 356 427C307 400 222 342 160 264H158L246 667C253 701 252 710 243 710C228 710 169 680 87 673L83 644H117C155 644 160 640 149 588L24 -4L32 -12C57 -4 86 4 108 9L143 187C198 275 324 386 375 386C394 386 399 367 385 311L331 87C315 22 322 -12 351 -12C387 -12 452 24 509 90Z"></path></g><g transform="matrix(.0065,0,0,-0.0065,49.68,6.626)"><path d="M256 606C256 635 239 657 207 657C171 657 147 619 147 593C147 563 173 543 194 543C234 543 256 573 256 606ZM233 98L216 125C191 101 156 75 139 75C133 75 132 82 139 107L214 377C226 420 224 454 198 454C169 454 98 415 31 351L46 323C81 353 110 372 116 372C129 372 126 356 121 338L57 101C31 5 47 -12 72 -12C115 -12 197 52 233 98Z"></path></g><g transform="matrix(.0065,0,0,-0.0065,51.546,6.626)"><path d="M578 242V297H351V519H286V297H59V242H286V-6H351V242H578Z"></path></g><g transform="matrix(.0065,0,0,-0.0065,55.686,6.626)"><path d="M394 0V37C301 42 295 50 295 122V635C236 613 178 596 109 583V553L165 551C205 549 209 544 209 495V122C209 50 203 42 111 37V0H394Z"></path></g><g transform="matrix(.013,0,0,-0.013,59.946,0)"><path d="M162 -163V703H102V-163H162ZM309 -163V703H249V-163H309Z"></path></g><g transform="matrix(.0091,0,0,-0.0091,65.289,3.132)"><path d="M870 650H600L593 618C681 609 684 605 669 516L641 367H261L286 516C302 603 313 610 391 618L398 650H132L123 618C214 610 218 606 200 516L127 130C113 46 107 40 25 32L18 0H290L298 32C204 40 200 42 214 130L250 321H631L596 131C580 47 573 39 484 32L475 0H753L762 32C673 39 668 46 685 130L757 516C772 606 778 610 861 618L870 650Z"></path></g><g transform="matrix(.0065,0,0,-0.0065,72.405,5.233)"><path d="M455 312C455 472 400 635 248 635C95 635 39 458 39 312C39 144 93 -12 248 -12C400 -12 455 166 455 312ZM361 314C361 173 337 30 249 30C163 30 131 174 131 313C131 451 155 594 248 594C334 594 361 454 361 314Z"></path></g></svg>.</span></div>

Mathematical Problems in Engineering

tab7

Table 7

Table 7: A Predictor-Corrector Finite Element Method for Time-Harmonic Maxwell’s Equations in Polygonal Domains 