Traffic Flow Anomaly Detection Based on Robust Ridge Regression with Particle Swarm Optimization Algorithm

Table 4

Comparison of optimization results between 4 model parameters.

	Threshold	Ridge parameter	Fitness function value
STA-huber-ridge	1.54822021	3.64338165	0.203787303
GWO-huber-ridge	1.67576409	3.48931938	0.230480862
GA-huber-ridge	1.54444195	3.47396986	0.203815397
PSO-huber-ridge	1.55445167	3.99935861	0.203780642