A Comparison of Hour-Ahead Solar Irradiance Forecasting Models Based on LSTM Network

Table 8

The performance of the six models with the optimal parameters and structure.

Model	Model I-A	Model I-B	Model II-AC	Model II-AD	Model II-BC	Model II-BD	Persistence	BPNN
RMSE (W/m^2)	75.22	71.0791	70.2837	69.7479	70.4761	62.1618	112.5854	76.9272
nRMSE (%)	38.12	36.895	36.4806	36.2076	36.5898	32.2702	58.4263	39.9215
FS	0.3476	0.36856	0.37566	0.3803	0.3737	0.4477	0	0.3167
P1 (%)	33.19	36.87	37.57	38.05	37.40	44.79	0	0.3167
P2 (%)	2.22	7.60	8.64	9.33	8.39	19.19	−46.35	0

P1: the benchmark model is persistence model; P2: the benchmark model is BPNN model.