Numerical Simulations of Air Cavities in Inclined Plunging Jets

Table 1

Studies on plunging jets in physical experiments.

Reference	Jet type	Experimental conditions	Investigation
Bonetto and Lahey [11]	Vertical circular jets	D = 0.0051 m	Air concentration in pool
Zhu et al. [5]	Vertical circular jets	D = 0.0054 m, Frj = 38–86	Air cavity formation and disintegration characteristics
Chanson et al. [7]	Vertical circular jets	D = 0.025, 0.012 and 0.00683 m, Frj = 50.41–100	Air concentration in pool
Soh et al. [6]	Vertical circular jets	D = 0.0058–0.0075 m, Frj = 2.6–66.6	Air cavity formation and disintegration characteristics
Gómez-Ledesma et al. [8]	2D plane inclined jets	Wj = 0.457 m, Tj = 0.0028–0.0050 m, θj = 44.8°–82.9°, Frj = 100–441	Air cavity formation and disintegration characteristics
Deshpande et al. [9]	Inclined circular jets	D = 0.04 m, θj = 12.5°, Frj = 43	Air cavity formation and disintegration characteristics
Qu et al. [10]	Vertical circular jets	D = 0.006 m, Frj = 4–208	Air cavity formation and disintegration characteristics
Harby et al. [13]	Vertical circular jets	D = 0.004–0.014 m	Bubble plume characteristics
Hassan et al. [15]	Vertical circular jets	D = 0.0078 m	Bubble plume characteristics

D is the diameter of a nozzle; is the Froude numbers, for circular jets, for plane jets, V_j is the impact velocity, T_j and W_j are the jet thickness and width at impact point for plane jets, θ_j is the jet inclined angle relative to horizontal at the impact point.