Research Article
Exploring Further Advantages in an Alternative Formulation for the Set Covering Problem
Table 11
Landscape metrics for each instance and ACO approach.
| Inst | d-ACO | n-ACO | QMetric | SSpeed | SRate | QMetric | SSpeed | SRate |
| 4_1 | 0.0008 | 0.5107 | 0.1000 | 1.0000 | 0.8366 | 0.9667 | 4_2 | 0.1777 | 0.4248 | 0.1667 | 1.0000 | 0.7190 | 1.0000 | 4_3 | 0.0019 | 0.0000 | 0.0000 | 0.4467 | 0.5119 | 0.4333 | 4_4 | 0.0027 | 0.0000 | 0.0000 | 0.0114 | 0.6300 | 0.1000 | 4_5 | 0.5029 | 0.6151 | 0.5000 | 0.5695 | 0.7979 | 0.5667 | 4_6 | 0.6473 | 0.5445 | 0.6333 | 1.0000 | 0.6931 | 0.8667 | 4_7 | 0.0669 | 0.8310 | 0.0667 | 1.0000 | 0.8382 | 0.9333 | 4_8 | 0.6751 | 0.6144 | 0.6667 | 1.0000 | 0.8425 | 1.0000 | 4_9 | 0.0005 | 0.0000 | 0.0000 | 0.1045 | 0.4400 | 0.1000 | 4_10 | 1.0000 | 0.8497 | 1.0000 | 1.0000 | 0.9080 | 1.0000 |
| 5_1 | 0.3336 | 0.4622 | 0.3333 | 0.6335 | 0.5903 | 0.6333 | 5_2 | 0.0000 | 0.0000 | 0.0000 | 0.0007 | 0.0000 | 0.0000 | 5_3 | 0.4334 | 0.5965 | 0.4333 | 1.0000 | 0.8098 | 0.9333 | 5_4 | 1.0000 | 0.6987 | 1.0000 | 1.0000 | 0.8650 | 1.0000 | 5_5 | 0.0000 | 0.8640 | 0.0333 | 0.6333 | 0.8066 | 0.6333 | 5_6 | 1.0000 | 0.9183 | 1.0000 | 1.0000 | 0.9615 | 1.0000 | 5_7 | 0.0009 | 0.0000 | 0.0000 | 0.0017 | 0.7800 | 0.2000 | 5_8 | 0.5340 | 0.5448 | 0.5333 | 1.0000 | 0.8215 | 1.0000 | 5_9 | 0.4017 | 0.5528 | 0.4000 | 1.0000 | 0.8775 | 1.0000 | 5_10 | 0.4669 | 0.6416 | 0.4667 | 1.0000 | 0.8216 | 0.9667 |
| 6_1 | 0.2359 | 0.4803 | 0.2333 | 0.5696 | 0.7115 | 0.5667 | 6_2 | 1.0000 | 0.8268 | 0.8667 | 1.0000 | 0.7477 | 0.9333 | 6_3 | 1.0000 | 0.7902 | 0.9667 | 1.0000 | 0.9130 | 1.0000 | 6_4 | 1.0000 | 0.8791 | 1.0000 | 1.0000 | 0.9645 | 1.0000 | 6_5 | 0.2355 | 0.7840 | 0.2333 | 0.5350 | 0.7516 | 0.5333 |
| a_1 | 0.0037 | 0.0000 | 0.0000 | 0.0517 | 0.0000 | 0.0000 | a_2 | 0.0001 | 0.0000 | 0.0000 | 0.2202 | 0.7075 | 0.2000 | a_3 | 0.0337 | 0.0000 | 0.0000 | 0.0337 | 0.0000 | 0.0000 | a_4 | 0.0306 | 0.0610 | 0.0333 | 0.6769 | 0.5440 | 0.6667 | a_5 | 0.0350 | 0.5955 | 0.0667 | 0.6772 | 0.6153 | 0.6667 |
| b_1 | 1.0000 | 0.9180 | 1.0000 | 1.0000 | 0.9510 | 1.0000 | b_2 | 1.0000 | 0.9584 | 1.0000 | 1.0000 | 0.8810 | 1.0000 | b_3 | 1.0000 | 0.9531 | 1.0000 | 1.0000 | 0.9595 | 1.0000 | b_4 | 1.0000 | 0.9487 | 1.0000 | 1.0000 | 0.9425 | 1.0000 | b_5 | 1.0000 | 0.9990 | 1.0000 | 1.0000 | 0.9850 | 1.0000 |
| c_1 | 0.0021 | 0.0000 | 0.0000 | 0.0086 | 0.9700 | 0.0333 | c_2 | 0.0120 | 0.0000 | 0.0000 | 0.0120 | 0.0000 | 0.0000 | c_3 | 0.0055 | 0.0000 | 0.0000 | 0.0785 | 0.0000 | 0.0000 | c_4 | 1.0000 | 0.6953 | 0.9667 | 1.0000 | 0.6230 | 1.0000 | c_5 | 0.0925 | 0.6810 | 0.0333 | 0.0918 | 0.8950 | 0.0333 |
| d_1 | 0.5069 | 0.5334 | 0.3000 | 1.0000 | 0.6635 | 0.7667 | d_2 | 1.0000 | 0.6861 | 0.9333 | 1.0000 | 0.7275 | 0.8000 | d_3 | 0.3280 | 0.8020 | 0.1000 | 0.5968 | 0.6775 | 0.4000 | d_4 | 1.0000 | 0.9768 | 1.0000 | 1.0000 | 0.9850 | 1.0000 | d_5 | 1.0000 | 0.9288 | 1.0000 | 1.0000 | 0.9115 | 1.0000 |
| nre_1 | 1.0000 | 0.9900 | 1.0000 | 1.0000 | 0.9950 | 1.0000 | nre_2 | 0.9319 | 0.7268 | 0.6333 | 1.0000 | 0.7906 | 0.8333 | nre_3 | 1.0000 | 0.8629 | 0.9333 | 1.0000 | 0.8947 | 1.0000 | nre_4 | 0.9499 | 0.8336 | 0.7333 | 1.0000 | 0.8086 | 0.9667 | nre_5 | 1.0000 | 0.9800 | 1.0000 | 1.0000 | 0.9877 | 1.0000 |
| nrf_1 | 1.0000 | 0.9717 | 1.0000 | 1.0000 | 0.9782 | 1.0000 | nrf_2 | 1.0000 | 0.9847 | 1.0000 | 1.0000 | 0.9898 | 1.0000 | nrf_3 | 0.9621 | 0.8770 | 0.3333 | 0.9621 | 0.7620 | 0.3333 | nrf_4 | 1.0000 | 0.9407 | 0.9667 | 1.0000 | 0.9683 | 1.0000 | nrf_5 | 0.9441 | 0.6980 | 0.1667 | 0.9441 | 0.8650 | 0.0667 |
| nrg_1 | 0.7528 | 0.3613 | 0.5000 | 1.0000 | 0.4760 | 0.8667 | nrg_2 | 0.2463 | 0.0000 | 0.0000 | 0.3555 | 0.0000 | 0.0000 | nrg_3 | 0.0808 | 0.0000 | 0.0000 | 0.1123 | 0.0000 | 0.0000 | nrg_4 | 0.1762 | 0.0000 | 0.0000 | 0.2026 | 0.0000 | 0.0000 | nrg_5 | 0.6374 | 0.2350 | 0.2000 | 0.8550 | 0.3203 | 0.6000 |
| nrh_1 | 0.7880 | 0.0000 | 0.0000 | 0.8135 | 0.0000 | 0.0000 | nrh_2 | 0.8136 | 0.0000 | 0.0000 | 0.8398 | 0.0000 | 0.0000 | nrh_3 | 0.8148 | 0.0000 | 0.0000 | 0.8148 | 0.2700 | 0.0333 | nrh_4 | 0.8392 | 0.0000 | 0.0000 | 0.8484 | 0.5900 | 0.0333 | nrh_5 | 1.0000 | 0.5407 | 0.9667 | 1.0000 | 0.6670 | 1.0000 |
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